Dr Azhari, on Sembang Sihat, discussed kidney stones, their causes, symptoms, and prevention. He explained that stones form when minerals in concentrated urine crystallize, eventually obstructing urine flow and causing severe pain.

Key risk factors include dehydration, high salt and oxalate intake (from nuts and certain foods), excessive red meat and seafood consumption, genetics, and obesity. To prevent stones, he advised drinking 2.5 liters of water daily, maintaining a balanced diet, and limiting salt and purines.

For treatment, he outlined shockwave therapy, endoscopic laser removal, and percutaneous surgery for larger stones. He also demonstrated how kidney stones block urine flow and damage kidney function.

During a quiz, Dr Azhari confirmed that diabetes is a major cause of kidney disease, kidney donation doesn’t cut function by 50%, ibuprofen harms kidneys more than paracetamol, and calcium is a bigger factor in stone formation than sodium.

In conclusion, he emphasized hydration, diet, exercise, and avoiding smoking for kidney health and urged seeking medical attention for any symptoms.